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高考 英语语法(高三英语语法知识点总结)

 2024年01月10日  阅读 45  评论 0

摘要:[db:Intro]

 从句是高三英语语法学习的重点,也是英语写作中不可缺少的一个点。下面是我给大家整理的高三英语语法,供大家参阅!

高三英语语法:表语从句

 来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如:

 He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。

 I didn?t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。

 Can you explain why he didn?t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗?

 在宾语从句中须注意:

 1. that 在口语中常被省略,但在正式的文体中,不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如:

 I didn?t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。

 I will do anything I can to help you except that I?m ill. 只要我身体舒服,我愿做任何事情来帮助你。

 2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时,一般须用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句放到句末,此时的that不能省。如:

 The boy has made it clear that they can?t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。

 3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,即:(should) do的形式。

 He asked that we (should) get there before nine o?clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。

 The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。

 4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。

 1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如:

 He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。

 When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时,他会说我们做了一件好事。

 2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时,从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如:

 He didn?t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。

 He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。

 3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,而不受时间的限制时,即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如

 Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。

 When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候,人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。

高三英语语法:表语从句

 用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。如:

 (1)When he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。

 (2)What he did last night is being investigated. 他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。

 在主语从句中须注意:

 1. 主语从句一般用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将主语从句放到句末。如:

 (1)It is possible that he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。

 (2)Isn?t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他测试没有通过,难道不奇怪吗?

 2. if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。如:

 It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。

 3. that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省,但在句末口语中可省。如:

 That he was ill yesterday is known now. 大家都已知道他昨天生了病。

 4. 连接代词引导主语从句只能放在句首。如;

 (1)Who has broken the glass is unknown. 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。

 (2)What he wants is all here. 他所要的东西都在这里。

 5. 主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式,但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。如

 (1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密

 (2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。

高三英语语法:名词性从句

 一、概说

 名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。

 二、名词性从句的一般引导词

 1. 连接词 that 引导名词性从句时,只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:

 I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。

 That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。

 2. 连接词 whether 引导名词性从句也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示?是否?;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。如(from www.yygrammar.com):

 He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。

 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)

 3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等引导名词性从句时,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:

 That?s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。

 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

 Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。

 4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导名词性从句,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:

 The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。

 When she?ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。

 Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。

 三、名词性从句的重要引导词

 1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示?什么?,带有疑问意味;二是表示所?的?,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如:

 I don?t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。

 I don?t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。

 2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。如:

 I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。

 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。

 注:what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:

 What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。

 We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。

 3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为?所?的一切事或东西?、?任何?的人?、?的任可人或物?等。如:

 Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。

 I?ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。

 Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。

 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:

 任何人来都欢迎(from www.yygrammar.com)。

 误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.

 正:Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.

 另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为?无论、?不管,其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如:

 Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)

 He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)

 注:whoever 引导名词性从句时既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用 whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。

 4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如:

 I had a cold. That?s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。

 I didn?t come. That?s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。

 五、名词性从句的语序

 名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如:

 Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭?

 I don?t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。

 六、名词性从句的时态问题

 1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如:

 She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。

 I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意

 2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接使用将来时态;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:

 I don?t know when he will come, but when he comes, I?ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候,但当他来的时候,我会打电话给你。

 句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句,故用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表示将来意义。

 

高三英语的语法知识点归纳

多数省份以15个语法题,计15分;包括(名词、冠词、代词、形容词和副词、动词和动词短语、定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、介词和介词短语、倒装句、省略句、情态动词与虚拟语气、反义疑问句等)

上海市为40个语法题,词汇与语法都有;

广东省没有选择题,只是在完型和语法填空题目中考查;

高二英语 在整个高中英语中占有非常重要的地位,既是高二又是整个高中阶段的重难点,所以要保持良好的学习心态和正确的 学习 方法 。下面就是我给大家带来的 高三英语 语法知识点,希望对大家有所帮助!

高三英语语法知识点1

一、不定式做主语:

1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的,经常的动作。

e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.

To do such things is foolish.

To see is to believe. (对等)

注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数

2). 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:

(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…

(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…

It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary

(3) it is +a +名词+ to do...

It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do

It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…

It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…

注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语,但possible可以用不定式作真实主语, 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。

It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错)

It is possible for him to come to the meeting.

It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.

高三英语语法知识点2

一、非谓语动词

“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词.它在 句子 中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语).有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语.这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing.还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing.而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语.这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 为了容易记住,也可以编成 顺口溜 :“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”.其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;

advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand.

二、复合句

1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别.

例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)

B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)

关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位.因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用.

2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)级:which之前是介词 短语 与逗号(非限制性).

例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.

B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.

D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.

三、It的用法

1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后.

例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.

然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语.这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger).

例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.

B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.

2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).

例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.

B、I think it no use arguing with him.

3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.

例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)

B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)

C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)

但要注意与定语从句的区别.

例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)

在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去,句子还很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.

四、倒装结构

学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装, 其它 句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不

倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明:

A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)

B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)

C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)

D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)

E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)

F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)

G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)

H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)

I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)

五、虚拟语气

虚拟语气也是一个难点.所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实.它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.现归纳如下:纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级:条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句):现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级:提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do:俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟:部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do). 下面举例说明:

A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (条件句虚拟)

B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)

C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)

D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)

E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊从句虚拟)

F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)

G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主语从句虚拟)

H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)

高三英语语法知识点3

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:

I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

正确表达:I admire their winning the match.

错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将 出国 。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

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