Measles, which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use ofthe MMR vaccine. But thedisease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement andmisinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles caseshave been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.

麻疹, 曾一度每年导致450名儿童死亡，甚至更多的儿童致残，14年前由于MMR疫苗的普遍使用，在美国几乎被消灭。不过这种疾病正在卷土重来，这是因为不断增长的反疫苗运动和迅速传播的错误信息造成的。今年美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，而去年全年为189例。

The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.

数字听起来可能很小，但它们代表一种危险趋势。当全国范围内作为一个整体疫苗接种率很高时，每个人才会受到保护。这就是所谓的“群体免疫”，保护那些易受感染的人，包括那些因医疗原因不能接种疫苗的人，年龄太小不能接种疫苗的婴儿，以及那些疫苗不起作用的人。

But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.

但群体免疫只有在几乎整个群体都加入时才起作用。当一些人拒绝接种疫苗并寻求自由乘车时，群体免疫就会崩溃，每个人都会面临更大的风险。

That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.

从本月报告了22例麻疹病例的加利福尼亚州奥兰治县到去年一名17岁青年引发了一场麻疹疫情的纽约州布鲁克林，全国各地的小社区都是如此。

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.

对疫苗的反对已经持续了几十年，因为存在真实但非常小的风险。那些拒绝冒险的人让别人承受痛苦，非常自私。

Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption, sometimes just by signing apaper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

更糟糕的是，州法律使得所有进入幼儿园的儿童放弃接种疫苗很容易。17个州允许父母选择放弃, 有时候，只需要签署一份声明，说他们个人反对疫苗。

Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

现在，有几个州正在加强法律，为退出接种增加新的规定。但没有人采取措施来限制放弃接种。

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.

父母应该只能因为有限的医疗或宗教原因选择放弃。但是个人意见呢？还不够充分。每个人都享受疫苗提供的拯救生命的好处，但只要每个人都分担风险，疫苗才会存在。

陕西高考英语阅读理解训练题及答案(2)

(一) can/could

　1. 表示能够做某事(具备某种能力)(could主要指过去);

　2. 表许可; 用于疑问句表示请求(could表示语气更加婉转);用于否定句表示不允许。

　3. can还可表一时的可能性。

　考例1

　I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______ find the money. (2012全国II)

　A. can B. might C. would D. need

　解析：Acan在句中意为“能够”。

　考例2

　Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. (2008辽宁)

　A. shall B. should C. can D. must

　解析：Ccan在句中表“可能”。

　(二) must

　1. must用于肯定句中表示说话人的意志或义务，或者坚决要求某人做某事，意为 “必须”;mustn’t表示“禁止”。

　2. 在以must开头的疑问句中，肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to，表示“不必”。

　3. 另外还有一种含义为“偏要”。表示说话人生气或不满的情绪。

　考例1

　—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

　—I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建)

　A. will B. must C. may D. can

　解析： B。must意为“必须”。

　考例2

　—______ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?

　—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. (2012重庆)

　A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would

　解析：C。must在句中意为“偏要，非要”。

　(三) will / would

　will (would) 表意愿, 用于各种人称的陈述句，还可表示某种习惯，或在疑问句中提出请求。主语为物时，可意为“不起作用”。

　考例

　Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ______ say where he was. (2012江苏)

　A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t

　解析：C。would在句中为will的过去式，表意愿。

　(四) may / might

　表示允许，和can/could一样，可用于各种人称。但要注意：在疑问句中will/would表示征询对方许可或提出请求时，常用于第二人称, would / might/could形式常表语气委婉，不表示过去时态。

　考例

　—______ I take the book out?

　—I’m afraid not. (2010四川)

　A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need

　解析：B。will/would 用于第二人称表示“请求”;而may可用于各种人称。

　(五) shall/should

　1. shall用于二、三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、强制、允诺”等。

　2. 在疑问句中， shall用来征询意见或请求指示，用于第一和第三人称。

　3. shall常用在主语是第三人称的条约、法律法规、规章制度等文件中表示“义务”或“规定”。

　4. should 用于劝告、建议的目的时，可译成“应该”，表示主观情况。

　考例

　One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁)

　A. might B. could C. shall D. will

　解析：C。shall在句中表示“义务”或 “规定”，意为“应该，必须”。

　考点二、表推测的情态动词

　(一) 对现在的情况或客观事实推测

　1. 对现在或客观事实的肯定推测

　must意为“肯定、准是、想必是”;should意为“很可能、该……”，指按常理推测;may(might)意为“也许、大概”，表示把握不大的推断;can/could可用于疑问句表示怀疑(could则表示更不确定);could还表示现在或将来的可能性。

　考例1

　—What are you doing this Saturday?

　—I’m not sure, but I _____ go to the Rolling Stones concert. (2013重庆)

　A. must B. would C. should D. might

　解析：D。might意为“可能”。

　考例2

　—Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

　—Ah, good morning. You _____ be Mrs. Peters. (2010北京)

　A. might B. must C. would D. can

　解析：B。答语句意：哦，早上好。你一定是Peters夫人了。

　2. 对现在情况或客观事实的否定推测

　can’t意为“不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气相当有把握;couldn’t也可有此用法，但语气委婉。 may not, might not意为“可能不”、 “也许不”，表示推测的语气不很有把握。

　考例

　It ______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. (2011江西)

　A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t

　解析：B。句意：门口的不可能是邮递员，现在只有六点钟。

　(二)对过去情况的推测

　1. must have done过去一定做过某事;

　2. can’t have done/couldn’t have done过去不可能做过，肯定没做过某事;

　3. can/could have done用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的推测;

　4. could have done 过去可能做过某事;

　5. may / might (not) + have done过去可能(没)做过某事。

　考例

　Since nobody gave him any help, he _____ have done the research on his own. (2013课标2)

　A. can B. must C. would D. need

　解析：B。句意：因为没有人给予任何帮助，他一定是独立完成这项研究的。

　考点三、“情态动词+have+过去分词”的其他用法

　1. should /ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事却没有做。

　2. shouldn’t /ought not to have done 表示本不应该做某事却做了。

　3. could have done在肯定句中还可表示“本来可以/可能做成某事”。

　4. might have done可表示本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事。

　5. needn’t have done表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

　考例

　We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? (2012北京)

　A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced

　解析：C。句意：我们本可以一起面对困境的，可是你为什么不告诉我呢?

陕西2017年高考英语阅读理解训练题及答案

　30. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

　A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

　B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

　C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.

　D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.

　31. By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that .

　A. advanced products meet the needs of people

　B. products of the latest design fold the market

　C. competitions are fierce in high-tech industry

　D. everyday goods need to be replaced often

　32. What is this passage mainly about?

　A. The variety of choices in modern society.

　B. The opinions on people?s right in different countries.

　C. The problems about the availability of everyday goods.

　D. The helplessness in purchasing decisions.

　D

　Mr William Shakespeare and the Internet

　Explanation of Contents

　This is the fourth edition of these pages. It is hard to believe, but once again they are new and improved. My motive in publishing these pages remains to help and stimulate others in Shakespeare studies, and especially those who might contribute their work to the Internet. The spirit of altruism (利他主义) that originally built the Internet is not quite gone, though, sadly, through the pressure of time and profit has lessened.

　A major new addition to the pages is a Shakespeare Timeline, which is an online biography mounted at this site. The problems with searching for Shakespeare resources using the available Search Engines are:

　---- It is difficult to focus most searches so that you get a manageable number of relevant hits;

　---- It is impossible by simply reading an abstract(摘要) to make any distinction between the output of a Junior High School student and that of a professional researcher.

　Another change in these pages over previous editions is the ?What?s News? page. If you come away from these pages with the feeling that they are very useful but slightly pedantic (学究的), I will have realized my goal.

　An Apology

　I am continually apologizing to the many who have written me requesting revisions of the pages. We are all too busy. I simply have not had the time to dedicate to these pages that I wish. But I love the material and so have, at long last, made some time to update them.

　A Reminder to Young Students

　These pages contain the best links I can find to Shakespeare on the Internet. As a reminder, I would say I very much enjoy hearing from people who view and use these pages. If you want to do Shakespeare research using the web, this page is a great starting point, and I keep it as current as I can. The web is in its infancy(初期in bringing good, scholarly content to students. Don?t forget the best, if not quickest, resources are still in your library.

　33. The passage is written to ________.

　A. introduce the fourth edition of these pages

　B. make an apology to readers

　C. show off these pages to readers

　D. let Shakespeare researchers buy these pages

　34. When searching for Shakespeare resources using Search Engines, you ________.

　A. can easily recognize what the abstract means

　B. will waste some time in finding what you want

　C. will often come into the ?What?s News? pages

　D. will find something special on your computers

　35. Which of the following can best conclude the last paragraph?

　A. The writer will often read letters from those who use these pages.

　B. The writer of the passage is very selfish.

　C. The web was just created four years ago.

　D. Shakespeare researchers should first of all refer to these pages.

　第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　As a teen, you?re going through big changes physically and mentally. Your interests are increasing. 36 . Here is the challenge: Kids need to explore the world in new ways, and parents need to protect them from the dangers that are all out in that world. These conflicts can easily set off fireworks in otherwise calm houses. Sometimes conflicts can?t be avoided. But by paying attention to the building blocks of successful relationships, you can work towards making home a happy and healthy place for you and your parents.

　For instance, try to find a time to talk when your parents are not angry, tired, distracted or hungry. A good time to talk is when you?re all relaxed. Timing is everything. If the conversation begins to turn into an argument, you?d better calmly and coolly ask to stop the conversation for now. 37 . Listen to what your parents are saying, and repeat it back to them. This shows them that you?re listening. 38 . Respect is the building block of good communication. People who respect each other and care about each others? feelings can disagree without getting things ugly. 39 . How do you build trust? Trust comes by actually doing what you say you?re going to do. Some teens find that doing fun activities with their parents can improve their relationships. Sometimes we forget that parents are more than rule-maker?they?re interestingpeople who like to watch movies and go shopping?just like their teenagers!

　What do you do if you are trying your best, but your relationship with your parents continues to be rocky? 40 You can find supportive adults, such as a teacher or a coach, who can lend an ear. Remember you can only change your own behavior. Your parents are the only ones who can change theirs.

　A. It also gives them a chance to clear things up if you?re not on the same page.

　B. You can pick it up again when everyone?s more relaxed.

　C. And then you?ll be able to accept what your parents say.

　D. Faced with the challenge, children don?t know what to do

　E. You are more likely to get along with your parents and have more independence if

　your parents believe in you.

　F. And your desire to take control of your own life is growing.

　G. You may consider seeking outside help.

参考答案：

　21-24 DBAC 25? 28 BDDC 29- 32 .BCBD 33-35 ABD 36-40 FBAEG

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