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高考 语法(高考英语语法:高中英语语法)

 2024年01月05日  阅读 84  评论 0

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《高中英语语法-should 用法讲与练之一》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

should 用法讲与练之一

should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富,因而一直是历年高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下:

一 . should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如:

The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon.

小组长宣布:我们不久就开始工作。

A week ago, I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day.

一个星期以前,我告诉他我第二天就去北京。

二 . should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作?应该?、?应当?,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用。例如:

You should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time.

你们应该按时做完你们的实验。

You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once.

你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。

In sum, theory should be combined with practice.

总之,理论应该与实验相结合。

三 . should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作?万一?、?竟然?,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if .例如:

If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 万一你来不了,就叫陈夫人代替你。

If anyone should come, say I am not at home. (= Should anyone come, say I am not at home. ) 万一有人来访,就说我不在家。

If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. (= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.)

万一明天天下雨,我就不去了。

四 . should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为?可?、?倒?。例如:

I should say that it would be better to try it again.

我倒是认为最好再试一试。

You are mistaken, I should say. 据我看,你搞错了。

He should expect their basketball team to win the match.

他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利。

Should you like some tea ? 你可喜欢喝茶?

五 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为?竟会?、?居然?。例如:

How should I know it ? 我怎么会知道这件事?

Why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎么来得这么晚?

When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 当我出去时,想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!

I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.

我不明白为什么他居然不愉快。

六 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为?可能?、?总该吧?,相当于 be expected to .例如:

They should be home by now, I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。

The report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.

这份报告是经过周密调查后才写成的,所以应该是可靠的。

七 . should 作为情态动词,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case (that) 引导的条件状语从句中,有?能够?、?可能?、?会?之意。例如:

They got up early so that they should (= could/ might) catch the first bus in time.

他们起得很早以便能及时赶上头班公交车。

He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.

他努力工作,唯恐落在别人后面。

We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.

我们把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要点。

He took an umbrella in case (that) it should rain.

他带了一把雨伞,以防天下雨。

八 . should 作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中:

1. 用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成? If should (do sth), would/ could/ might (do sth.) ?句式。例如:

If it should (或 were to ) rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (= Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.)

如果明天天下雨,运动会就会延期举行。

2. 用在 suggest (propose), arrange, plan, decide,, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示?建议?、?要求?、?命令?、?决定?、?安排?、?计划?、?主张?的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。例如:

He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they (should) read the rules carefully.

他建议 / 提议 / 要求 / 劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则。

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for another week.

医生嘱咐她再卧床休息一个星期。

He insisted that we (should )take up the matter at the meeting.

他坚持要我们在会上提出这个问题。

3. 用在? It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ?之后由 that 引导的主语从句中, should 也可以省略。例如:

It is requested that Miss Yang (should) give a performance at the party.

人们要求杨**在聚会上表演一个节目。

It has been arranged (planned) that they (should) leave the following week.

已经安排(计划)让他们下星期动身。

It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.

已经决定会议推迟到下周六举行。

4. 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, request, decision, requiry 等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中, should 也可以省略。例如:

We all agreed to his suggestion (proposal) that we (should) go to Nanjing for a visit.

我们都同意他提出的要我们到南京去游览的建议。( should 用于同位语从句中)

My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we (should) do more eye exercises every day.

我的意见是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。( should 《高中英语语法-should 用法讲与练之一》由留学liuxue86.com我整理

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-用主格代词还是用宾格代词

高考语法填空常考知识点如下:

高考语法填空考察分为两类:第一类无词的、第二类有词的。冠词,主要考察the,a,an及零冠词。冠词在高考中可能占两分,即单选和改错。

动词,主要包括动词时态、语态、主谓一致、动词及动词词组辨析和非谓语动词。在单选中,动词的考察频率最大,一般在6分左右。

代词,一般在考察句子结构中考察。名词,名词的辨析是考察重点。短语的用法,包括动词短语、介词短语等等,一般的短语都有固定含义,需要准确记忆。句子结构,重点考察复合句(名词性从句、定语从句及状语从句)、强调句、倒装等等问题。交际用语。

无词的。主要考察虚词如限定词(包括冠词,形容词性物主代词),介词,连词(包括并列连词and but or 等还包括从属连词涉及从句),代词。

有词的。主要考察动词。时态--主要考察过去式,近两年进行时和完成时也有涉及、被动语态、主谓一致。

还会考察词性变换。形容词和副词之间的变换(形容词和副词的考察还会涉及到最高级比较级)、形容词和名词之间的、名词和动词之间的(这类在高考中比较少,因为动词有自己的考点,但在模拟练习中会出现)。

《高中英语语法-用主格代词还是用宾格代词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

用主格代词还是用宾格代词

主格代词和宾格代词的用法是近几年高考试题考查的热点之一,许多考生因为没有掌握好这方面的知识而常常出错失分。请先看下面这道高考题:

( NMET 2003 )- Susan, go and join your sister cleancing the yard.

- Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.

A. him B. he C. I D. me

此题的正确答案是 D .

下面我们探讨一下在什么情况下用主格代词,在什么情况下用宾格代词。

1. 英语口语中习惯上用人称代词的宾格作表语。例如:

It's me. 是我。( It's I. 为正式用法。)

What would you do if you were him?

如果你是他,你怎么办?

I didn't expect the winner to be her.

我没有料到获胜者会是她。

2. 宾格代词常出现在下面这样的感叹句中:

( 1 )- He's got to repay the money.

他必须偿还这笔钱。

- Poor him! 他真倒霉!

( 2 )- She won the match. 她赢得了比赛。

- Lucky her! 她真走运!

3. 如果作主语的人称代词孤立地用于无谓语动词的句子中,常用宾格代词。在省略句中通常用宾格代词。例如:

( 1 )- I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。

- Me, too. 我也喜欢。

( 2 )- Who wants a lift to the station?

谁想搭便车去车站?

- Me!

我!

( 3 )- Does anybody want another orange?

谁还要桔子?

- Me! 我要!

4. 作主语的人称代词与 not 或 why 连用时,常用宾格代词。例如:

( 1 )- Someone will have to answer for it.

有人会为此负责。

- Not you or me.

不是你也不是我。

( 2 )- Why me? 为什么是我?

- I was no duty yesterday.

我昨天值班了。

值得注意的是,在上述句式中,通常用第一人称代词的宾格作主语,其它人称的代词较少见。

5. 在 as 和 than 后面也有用主格代词或宾格代词两种可能性。在口语里习惯上用宾格代词,在正式文体中用主格代词。例如:

My younger brother is as tall as me. / My younger brother is as tall as I ( am ) .

我弟弟和我一样高。

He is much stronger than me. / He is much stronger than I ( am ) .

他比我强壮得多。

6. 在强调句中有用主格代词或宾格代词作主语两种可能性。在正式文体中用主格代词,在非正式文体中用宾格代词。例如:

It was me that told the police.

是我告诉警察的。(非正式文体)

It is I who will take charge of the class meeting tomorrow afternoon.

明天下午将由我主持班会。(正式文体)

7. 在非正式文体中,可以用 who 代替 whom 作宾语,但在正式文体中多用 whom 作宾语,而在介词后面只能用 whom 作宾语。例如:

Who are you going with?

你和谁一起去?(非正式文体)

Whom do you decide to send to the countryside?

你们决定派谁去农村?(正式文体)

Who did you shake hands with?

你和谁握手了?(非正式文体)

With whom did you shake hands?

你和谁握手了?(正式文体)

8. ? but / except + 代词?中的代词在句中作主语时,宜用主格代词,在句中作宾语时,宜用宾格代词。例如:

Nobody but she can solve our problems.

除了她没有人能解决我们的问题。

All the students like dancing except him.

除了他以外,所有的学生都喜欢跳舞。 《高中英语语法-用主格代词还是用宾格代词》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

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