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语法?同位语从句用法小结(2)

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为?建议；命令；要求?的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用?should +动词原形?的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer. 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

The government gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别（1）

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别（2）

that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别（3）

whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

区别（4）

1. 从词义角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。

2. 从搭配角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：

先行词是?人?，引导词用?who?等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是?question，idea，doubt等?。

六、典型例题

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.

析：he will be back意义不完整，应加?什么时候?的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home，perhaps by bike.

析：he went home意义不完整，应加?如何?的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

例3：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（NMET2001上海）

A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.

A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例4：She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth.（MET91）

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can?t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

重要链接：同位语从句专项语法习题

[1][2] 《高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)》由liuxue86.com我整理

51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.

　新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。

　简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。

　52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.

　这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。

　简析：含主谓倒装句。

　53. After all, Ed?s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.

　要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。

　简析：含比较级句型。

　54.As a result , at the point in our game when I?d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 ? and Ed was leading.

　就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。

　简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one?s favor对某人有利。

　55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .

　因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保持很好的竞技状态。

　简析：含有not only?but also?及so?that?的句型结构，must have P.P表示对过去事实的推测。

　56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.

　在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。

　简析：承前省略谓语动词won。

　57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.

　据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。

　简析：含比较级句型。

　58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.

　这项研究设计得如此好以致一旦开始任何事都不可能改变它。

　简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begun。

　59. The mother didn?t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

　妈妈不知道谁应该受责备，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候发生的。

　简析：关键词be to blame受责备。

　60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.

　当我在军队服役时，我曾接受过所有战士都参加的智力测试,与平均分100分相比，我得了160分。

　简析：关键词against 与?相比较。

　61.We didn?t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well

　我们原不是那样计划艺术展览的，但出来的结果却很好。

　简析：关键词work out 结果是?

　62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .

　房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。

　简析：句型结构little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up.孩子们已经长大了，所以我们现在很少见到他们。

　63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

　这条河流已经遭受很重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。

　简析：含too?to?句型及现在分词的完成式。

　64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.

　大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。

　简析：关键词nothing more than only。

　65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?

　但若他们真的抓住一个?雪人?的话，那么他们可能面临一个现实问题：他们会把它放进动物园，还是在一个旅馆里给它一个房间呢?

　简析：含选择疑问句型。

　66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

　产量增长了60%，公司又经历了一个极好的年头。

　简析：含with构成的介词短语。

　67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.

　世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它就不能名副其实。

　简析：关键词live up to one?s name 名副其实。

　68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.

　重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。

　简析：强调句型It is +强调部分+that / who+从句。

　69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?

　我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。

　简析：关键词make a scene 大吵大闹，出洋相。

　70.Dad?s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a ?yes?.

　父亲在说出一声?是?之前,脸终于没有先前那么红了。

　简析：迂回表达，心情如释重负。

　71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.

　很快我听到好象是门被撞进的声音，接着是一阵上楼的脚步声。

　简析：that替代前而的sound。

　72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.

　爸爸从我手里拿起那只仍冒烟的枪，又开了一枪，这才杀死了那只大猩猩。

　简析：关键词fire another shot 又开了一枪。

　73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door?which was twenty feet away?before the animal reached it.

　事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。

　简析：句型结构It happened that?事情发生是这样的?

　74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.

　当他在镜子前自我欣赏时，他想他当然看上去很适合那个角色。

　简析：关键词all right确实，无疑。

　75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.

　他抱着头，尽力的想台词，但什么也想不起来。

　简析：迂回表达nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing.

　76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it.

　实际上，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。

　简析：句型结构the more?the more?越?越?

　77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.

　反而，她在附近公园散步一会儿就回到家，她经过后门让自己进去的。

　简析：分词短语letting herself in 作状语。

　78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.

　她静下心来等，看会发生什么事。

　简析：关键词settle down to do sth 静下心来做?

　79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.

　她拿起那个装着开水的壶，悄悄地向门移动。

　简析：现在分词短语作伴随状语。

　80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.

　当那根铁丝掉在地上，哪只手缩回时，外面传来尖叫声，接着是逃跑的声音。

　简析：三处被动语态间接描述小偷遭到的惩罚。

　81. It wasn?t long before the police caught the thief.

　很快警察抓住了那个小偷。

　简析：句型结构It wasn?t long before+从句，很快就?

　82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.

　接着，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮盖着的某种东西。

　简析：含两个分词短语。

　83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.

　转向下一个顾客，看见一杆枪从他的外套伸出来，我非常恐惧。

　简析：过去分词短语作to see的宾补。

　84.?Smith!? the manager cried out in a voice like thunder ?None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ?

　?史密斯!?经理用象雷一样的声音大喊，?你不要找借口!给我立即开始工作。?

　简析：口语化的语言。

　85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.

　菲力浦帕底特在110层高的建筑物上，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。

　简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。

　86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.

　菲力浦非常小心地迈开第一步，钢丝绳承受住了，现在他确信他可以走钢丝了。

　简析：关键词hold (vi) 承受。

　87.And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.

　成千上万感到很害怕的观众盯着看，他们的心跳很快。

　简析：含with构成的介词短语。

　88. Already she does many things a human being can do.

　她已经会做一个人能做的许多事情。

　简析：含定语从句。

　89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.

　她甚至喜欢在上床睡觉前看电视。

　简析：含分词及动名词。

　90. The measure of a man?s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.

　衡量一个人真正品质的标准是看如果他知道他不会被别人发现的情况下他会做些什么事。

　简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。

　91.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley?s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.

　在我知道玛考雷名言三十年后，它对我来说仍是最好的人生准则，因为这句名言给我们提供了一种衡量我们自己而不是他人的方法。

　简析：关键词introduce引见，例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting让我给你说说品酒的乐趣。

　92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.

　我们当中很少有人被要求作出关于国家进行战争，军队进行战斗的重大决定，但我们每天都要求作出很多个人的决定。

　简析：含动名词的所有格形式。

　93. Here?s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.

　有一个家伙，就这样走进一家银行，擅自拿走这么多钱。

　简析：help oneself to擅自拿走。

　94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.

　托德想起自己的难处，他曾设法搞一大笔钱，他需要这笔钱来开办他的加油站。

　简析：夹杂两个定语从句。

　95. Don?t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.

　不要搭载陌生人，加油站所有的工作人员最好不要为一辆白色福特牌小汽车服务。

　简析：关键词folks，加油站的工作人员。

　96. ?Fill her up?, the man said sounding like any other driver.

　?给车加油?那个男人说，听起来(这个劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司机。

　简析：关键词sound like 听起来像?

　97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.

　看来对他来说没有合适的工作。

　简析：关键词suitable适合的。

　98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn?t help laughing at the one who couldn?t keep pace with the others as they march along.

　但当约翰和他的战友们出现时，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的那个人(约翰)。

　简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词keep pace with 与?步伐一致。

　99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.

　他们不仅使人们在晚上睡觉困难，而且他们损害我们历史名胜的房子和商店。

　简析：句型结构not only?but (also) ?不仅?而且?

　100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.

　也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正不得不忍受的东西。

　简析：句型结构as...as possible尽可能地?