It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well —Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.

北卡罗莱纳州海角市三月寒冷的一天，卫斯理学院垒球队的女孩们在练习时跺脚取暖，等待下一轮击球，八年级的泰勒·比斯比看着她的队友帕里斯·怀特打球时，有一点颤抖。这两人彼此不太了解——泰勒大约一个月前刚搬到城里。

Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking . I knew it was an emergency.”

突然，帕里斯倒在地上，“帕里斯的眼睛向后转，”泰勒说，“她开始发抖，我知道这很紧急。”

It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. “Does anyone know CPR?”

的确，帕里斯突然心力衰竭。如果不能马上进行医疗护理，帕里斯就会死。”有人会心肺复苏术吗？”

CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.

心肺复苏术是一种拯救生命的技术。做心肺复苏术时，你按压病人的胸部，使血液在体内流动，并将氧气输送到器官。没有氧气，大脑很快就会受损。

Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.

令人惊喜的是，泰勒前一天刚刚参加了心肺复苏课程。尽管如此，她有些犹豫，她认为自己还不熟练。但当没有其他人站出来时，泰勒跑到帕里斯身边开始做心肺复苏术，“太可怕了，我知道这是生死一线，”泰勒说。

Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.

泰勒的迅速行动让她的队友们冷静了下来。一个女孩打了911，另外两个跑去找学校的护士，护士带来了一个除颤器——一种可以让心脏重新投入工作的电子设备。幸运与他们同在：帕里斯的心跳恢复了。

“I know I was really lucky,” Paris say now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”

“我知道我真的很幸运，”帕里斯现在说，“大多数人都不能活下来，我的团队救了我。”

Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.

专家们说帕里斯很幸运：对于突发性心力衰竭来说，仅有的最好的生存机会是让附近的人介入并快速进行心肺复苏。

Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”

现在，帕里斯又回到了垒球队。泰勒不久将申请上大学，她想成为一名护士。”“我现在对自己的行为更有信心，”泰勒说，“我知道，在情况危急下，我可以承受住压力。”

(一) can/could

　1. 表示能够做某事(具备某种能力)(could主要指过去);

　2. 表许可; 用于疑问句表示请求(could表示语气更加婉转);用于否定句表示不允许。

　3. can还可表一时的可能性。

　考例1

　I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______ find the money. (2012全国II)

　A. can B. might C. would D. need

　解析：Acan在句中意为“能够”。

　考例2

　Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. (2008辽宁)

　A. shall B. should C. can D. must

　解析：Ccan在句中表“可能”。

　(二) must

　1. must用于肯定句中表示说话人的意志或义务，或者坚决要求某人做某事，意为 “必须”;mustn’t表示“禁止”。

　2. 在以must开头的疑问句中，肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to，表示“不必”。

　3. 另外还有一种含义为“偏要”。表示说话人生气或不满的情绪。

　考例1

　—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

　—I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建)

　A. will B. must C. may D. can

　解析： B。must意为“必须”。

　考例2

　—______ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?

　—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. (2012重庆)

　A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would

　解析：C。must在句中意为“偏要，非要”。

　(三) will / would

　will (would) 表意愿, 用于各种人称的陈述句，还可表示某种习惯，或在疑问句中提出请求。主语为物时，可意为“不起作用”。

　考例

　Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ______ say where he was. (2012江苏)

　A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t

　解析：C。would在句中为will的过去式，表意愿。

　(四) may / might

　表示允许，和can/could一样，可用于各种人称。但要注意：在疑问句中will/would表示征询对方许可或提出请求时，常用于第二人称, would / might/could形式常表语气委婉，不表示过去时态。

　考例

　—______ I take the book out?

　—I’m afraid not. (2010四川)

　A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need

　解析：B。will/would 用于第二人称表示“请求”;而may可用于各种人称。

　(五) shall/should

　1. shall用于二、三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、强制、允诺”等。

　2. 在疑问句中， shall用来征询意见或请求指示，用于第一和第三人称。

　3. shall常用在主语是第三人称的条约、法律法规、规章制度等文件中表示“义务”或“规定”。

　4. should 用于劝告、建议的目的时，可译成“应该”，表示主观情况。

　考例

　One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁)

　A. might B. could C. shall D. will

　解析：C。shall在句中表示“义务”或 “规定”，意为“应该，必须”。

　考点二、表推测的情态动词

　(一) 对现在的情况或客观事实推测

　1. 对现在或客观事实的肯定推测

　must意为“肯定、准是、想必是”;should意为“很可能、该……”，指按常理推测;may(might)意为“也许、大概”，表示把握不大的推断;can/could可用于疑问句表示怀疑(could则表示更不确定);could还表示现在或将来的可能性。

　考例1

　—What are you doing this Saturday?

　—I’m not sure, but I _____ go to the Rolling Stones concert. (2013重庆)

　A. must B. would C. should D. might

　解析：D。might意为“可能”。

　考例2

　—Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

　—Ah, good morning. You _____ be Mrs. Peters. (2010北京)

　A. might B. must C. would D. can

　解析：B。答语句意：哦，早上好。你一定是Peters夫人了。

　2. 对现在情况或客观事实的否定推测

　can’t意为“不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气相当有把握;couldn’t也可有此用法，但语气委婉。 may not, might not意为“可能不”、 “也许不”，表示推测的语气不很有把握。

　考例

　It ______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. (2011江西)

　A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t

　解析：B。句意：门口的不可能是邮递员，现在只有六点钟。

　(二)对过去情况的推测

　1. must have done过去一定做过某事;

　2. can’t have done/couldn’t have done过去不可能做过，肯定没做过某事;

　3. can/could have done用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的推测;

　4. could have done 过去可能做过某事;

　5. may / might (not) + have done过去可能(没)做过某事。

　考例

　Since nobody gave him any help, he _____ have done the research on his own. (2013课标2)

　A. can B. must C. would D. need

　解析：B。句意：因为没有人给予任何帮助，他一定是独立完成这项研究的。

　考点三、“情态动词+have+过去分词”的其他用法

　1. should /ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事却没有做。

　2. shouldn’t /ought not to have done 表示本不应该做某事却做了。

　3. could have done在肯定句中还可表示“本来可以/可能做成某事”。

　4. might have done可表示本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事。

　5. needn’t have done表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

　考例

　We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? (2012北京)

　A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced

　解析：C。句意：我们本可以一起面对困境的，可是你为什么不告诉我呢?